9563-810? 9563-810
中國在上世紀(jì)80年代初開始把機(jī)器人列入國家計劃，后來也列入“863計劃”和自然科學(xué)基金項目。從那時到現(xiàn)在也有30多年了，我們已經(jīng)能造工業(yè)機(jī)器人，但產(chǎn)業(yè)還沒有發(fā)展壯大，規(guī)模也很小，只能說還在萌芽階段。中國目前還沒有像庫卡、ABB、安川那樣大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)機(jī)器人的企業(yè)。但是這30年當(dāng)中,我們在工業(yè)機(jī)器人方面也取得了一定成績。

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問：現(xiàn)在西方國家工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用到了什么程度?

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　　蔡鶴皋：像日本，每一萬名工人對應(yīng)的機(jī)器人數(shù)量是300多臺，中國還不到20臺。從這方面來看，中國潛在的市場很大。因為中國是一個制造大國，2010年我們的制造業(yè)總量已經(jīng)超過美國。但我們是用1億工人來完成的，美國是1000萬工人完成的，這個數(shù)字說明我們的生產(chǎn)效率還不到美國的十分之一，生產(chǎn)手段還非常落后。

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　　2010年，我到沿海的一些企業(yè)看，雖然產(chǎn)品可以出口、產(chǎn)量很大，但都是手工作業(yè)、勞動密集型。到車間一看，很多人在那用手工焊接、裝配、制作。

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　　這幾年中國也出現(xiàn)了過去西方國家、發(fā)達(dá)國家曾遇到的問題——勞動力短缺和勞動力成本高。中國沒有那么多廉價勞動力了，今后怎么發(fā)展?中國正面臨產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，要從制造大國變成制造強(qiáng)國。所以，目前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個工業(yè)機(jī)器人的需求高漲期。

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　　有人說，中國的工業(yè)機(jī)器人市場將成為世界最大的需求市場，因為中國制造業(yè)非常龐大，要提升到像美國、日本、德國那樣的自動化程度，需要幾百萬臺工業(yè)機(jī)器人。

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